Exploring the Internet: Browsing, Searching, and Staying Safe

Exploring the internet can open up a whole new world of information, entertainment, and connection right at your fingertips. For seniors, learning how to browse the web, search for information effectively, and stay safe online is an exciting way to stay independent, informed, and connected with family and friends. The internet offers so many opportunities—from reading the news or finding health tips, to video calling loved ones and shopping from home. But to enjoy these benefits with confidence, it’s important to understand how to use your devices, manage your online activities, and protect your privacy.

This lesson will guide you through the basics of opening and navigating a web browser, which is the tool you use to visit websites. You’ll learn how to type website addresses, use search engines to find exactly what you need, and use bookmarks to keep your favorite sites handy. We will also explore how to recognize trustworthy information online, so you avoid being misled, and how to spot scams and misinformation that could harm you. Plus, you’ll discover essential tips on safe browsing, managing your browsing history and cookies, and using settings that keep your online presence secure.

We understand that stepping into the digital world can sometimes feel overwhelming, but remember that learning to use the internet is much like learning any new skill—it takes practice and patience. By the end of this lesson, you’ll gain useful tools that help you explore the internet more easily and safely, boosting your confidence and independence. From protecting your personal details to using helpful features on your devices, this lesson prepares you to embrace the internet as a trusted companion for staying informed, entertained, and connected in today’s digital world.

Opening and Navigating a Web Browser

When you want to explore the internet, the first step is to open a web browser. A web browser is a special program on your device that lets you visit websites and find information online. Think of it like a car that drives you to different places on the internet. Some popular browsers you might see are Google Chrome, Safari, Firefox, and Microsoft Edge. Each one looks a little different but works in a similar way.

To start using a web browser, you need to find its icon on your device. This icon is like the driver's seat of the car. On your computer screen or smartphone, look for the small picture or logo that stands for your browser. For example, Google Chrome’s icon is a colorful circle, Safari’s looks like a compass, and Firefox features an orange fox wrapped around a blue globe. When you find this icon, click or tap on it, and the browser will open for you. It will usually show a clean, blank page or a search engine like Google, ready for you to type in what you want to find.

Once the browser opens, you’ll see a long, white box near the top of the window called the “address bar.” This is where you type the website addresses you want to visit. A website address looks like a street address but for places on the internet. For example, if you want to visit the National Council on Aging, you can type “www.ncoa.org” directly into the address bar and press the Enter key on your keyboard. The browser will then “drive” you straight to that website.

If you don’t know the exact website address, you can use the search engine that appears when you open your browser. The search engine is like a map that helps you find places based on words or topics. For instance, if you want to find tips for retirement, you can type “retirement tips for older adults” into the search box and press Enter. The browser will show you a list of websites that might have the information you want. You can then click on any link in the list to visit those sites.

As you explore different websites, you’ll notice that some words or pictures are colored blue and sometimes underlined. These are called “links.” Links let you jump from one page to another, similar to turning the pages in a book or walking through doors to different rooms. When you see a link that interests you, just click or tap on it, and the browser will take you to that new page. This is how you can explore many websites and learn about different topics all in one session.

Another helpful feature in web browsers is the “tabs.” Tabs are like having several browser windows open but all stacked neatly in one place. At the top of your browser window, you will see a small "+" sign. Clicking this will open a new tab, giving you a fresh page to visit another website without closing the one you were looking at before. You can switch between tabs easily by clicking on the tab you want to see. This way, you can compare information from different sites or keep a favorite page open while searching for something new.

Browsers also have buttons shaped like arrows near the top left corner. These are the “back” and “forward” buttons. If you click the back button, it will take you to the previous page you visited. This is useful if you want to return to a page you just left. The forward button helps you go forward again if you went back by mistake. These buttons work like a rewind or fast-forward on a remote control for TV, helping you move through the pages you have already visited.

Sometimes, you might want to make the text and icons on your screen bigger to see them more clearly, especially if you find the screen hard to read. You can do this by adjusting the zoom settings in your browser. Usually, you hold the “Ctrl” key (or “Command” key on a Mac) and press the “+” key to zoom in and make things larger. Pressing “Ctrl” and “-” will zoom out, making things smaller again. This way, you can make the web pages fit your comfort level, just like adjusting the volume on a radio.

When you open your web browser, it’s important to recognize the different parts of the window so you can use it more easily. Here are some key areas you’ll find:

• Address Bar: The place where you type website addresses or search terms.
• Tabs Bar: Shows the open tabs so you can switch between websites.
• Back and Forward Buttons: Let you move to previously viewed pages or return to the current page.
• Refresh Button: This looks like a circular arrow and lets you reload a page if it didn’t load properly the first time.
• Menu or Settings Button: Usually three dots or lines in a corner, this button opens a menu for more options like history, downloads, or browser settings.

You don’t need to remember everything at once. Learning to use a browser is like learning to ride a bike—you start slowly and get more confident over time. It helps to practice opening the browser, typing in addresses, clicking links, and switching between tabs regularly.

Remember, a web browser is your gateway to many activities online, such as reading news, watching videos, shopping, or staying in touch with family. Knowing how to open and move around in your browser gives you the freedom to explore all these activities safely and confidently.

If you ever get lost or confused while using a browser, don’t hesitate to ask for help or look for simple guides that show you step-by-step what to do. Practicing often and being patient with yourself will make learning easier and more enjoyable.

Using Search Engines Effectively

Search engines help you find information on the internet by looking through millions of websites and showing the best matches for your questions or topics. Learning to use search engines well can save you a lot of time and help you find exactly what you want. Here, we explain how to make your searches smarter and easier, especially for seniors who want to explore the internet confidently.

Think of a search engine as a giant library with billions of books. Instead of walking through endless shelves, you type a few words into a search box, and the search engine shows you the most useful pages. But to get the best results, you need to ask the right questions in the right way. This guide will show you how.

Be Specific with Your Words

When you type words into a search engine, the more exact you are, the better your results will be. For example, if you just type recipes, you will see thousands of cooking ideas, but it might be hard to find the kind you want. However, if you type easy chicken pasta recipes without cream, the search engine will show results that match exactly what you want.

Using full phrases or questions helps the search engine understand your request better. Instead of just typing single words, try typing questions like “How do I fix a leaky faucet?” or “Best exercises for seniors with arthritis.” This way, the search engine can find websites, videos, and articles that answer your exact question.

Use Special Words to Narrow or Widen Your Search

Sometimes you want to remove unwanted results or focus on a certain website. Here are some simple ways to control your search:

• Exclude words: Use a minus sign (-) right before a word to remove it from your results. For example, if you want pasta recipes but no chicken, type pasta recipes -chicken. This tells the search engine not to show pages with chicken.
• Search a specific website: You can ask the search engine to look only inside one website. Type site: followed by the website address and then your search words. For example, site:nytimes.com holiday recipes will give you recipes only from the New York Times website.

These small tricks can help you find more relevant information quickly and avoid wasting time on results you don’t want.

Explore Different Types of Results with Tabs

Search engines often show results in different categories or tabs. After you search for something, you may see tabs like:

• Websites: Regular web pages related to your search.
• News: Latest news stories about your topic.
• Images: Photos and pictures matching your search words.
• Videos: Videos from websites like YouTube.
• Shopping: Items you can buy online related to your search.

Clicking these tabs helps you find the kind of information you want more easily. If you are looking for a video tutorial or pictures, just click on the right tab instead of scrolling through web pages.

Sort Your Results to Find the Newest or Most Useful Information

After you get your search results, you can often use a “Tools” or “Filters” option to sort them. For example, you can choose to see the most recent articles, which is helpful if you want up-to-date news or advice. Or, you can sort by “relevance,” which shows the results that best match your words.

Using these sorting tools makes your search smarter and helps you find information that is fresh and trustworthy.

Ask Direct Questions and Use AI-Powered Overviews

Modern search engines like Google now use artificial intelligence (AI) to give you quick answers. If you type a clear, direct question such as “What is the best way to search for a job after 50?” Google may show a short summary at the top of the results page with a helpful answer. This summary comes from scanning many sources and combining the main points into an easy-to-read explanation.

This feature saves time because you might find your answer without clicking on any website links. You can also ask follow-up questions or try different versions of your question to get better summaries.

Try Different Search Engines and Browsers

Google is the most popular search engine, but there are others like Bing, Yahoo!, DuckDuckGo, and Brave. Each one uses slightly different methods to find and show results. Sometimes, trying the same search on different engines gives you new information or presents results in a different order.

Also, different web browsers—like Google Chrome, Safari, or Firefox—might display search results a little differently. Exploring these options can help you discover more or find the best tool that feels easiest and most comfortable for you to use.

Interact with Chatbot Features for More Help

Many search engines now include AI chatbots, which are like friendly assistants you can chat with. For example, Bing has a chat tab where you can ask questions in normal sentences and get helpful answers. Google offers Bard, and many other platforms have similar features.

Using chatbots is easy because you just type your question or tell them what you want, and they give you an answer or help you find information. You can also ask them to explain things or help you with tricky topics. This makes searching more like talking to a helper than just typing words.

Use Quotes and Exact Phrases to Find Specific Information

If you want to find something very precise, put quotation marks (“ ”) around a phrase. This tells the search engine to find that exact phrase, not just the individual words. For example, searching for “climate change effects on oceans” will show results where those words appear together, not scattered around the page.

This trick is helpful when you need exact quotes, titles of books or articles, or famous sayings.

Be Careful to Avoid Ads and Sponsored Results

On search results pages, the first few results might be ads. These are paid placements, and sometimes they don’t provide the best or most honest answers. Ads often have small labels like “Ad” or “Sponsored” next to them.

To find regular, unpaid results, scroll past the ads. Paying attention to this distinction helps you get trustworthy information without being influenced by marketing.

Use Search History Features to Return to Important Pages

Many search engines and browsers save your search history. This means you can look back at your past searches or sites you visited before. Using history lets you find information you liked without searching all over again.

You can also save important pages by bookmarking them, but if you forget that, history is a helpful backup. Just be sure to clear your history occasionally if you share your device with others and want to keep your searches private.

Practice and Experiment to Become Comfortable

Like any new skill, using search engines well takes practice. Don’t be afraid to try different words, ask questions in new ways, or use the tools and tabs available. The more you explore, the better you will become at finding exactly what you want quickly and easily.

Remember, search engines are designed to help you. Taking time to learn these tips will make your internet experience more enjoyable and useful, helping you stay informed and connected.

Bookmarking Favorite Websites

Bookmarking favorite websites is like saving a shortcut to your favorite places on the internet. Imagine you have a book you like to read often, and instead of flipping through the whole book every time, you put a special bookmark on the page you want to read. In the same way, a bookmark on your internet browser helps you find your favorite websites quickly without typing the address each time.

Bookmarks are helpful because they save you time and effort. Instead of remembering or typing long website addresses, you just click the bookmark and the site opens right away. This is especially useful if you visit certain websites often, like news sites, online shops, or health information pages.

Let’s explore how bookmarking works and how to take good care of your bookmarks so they stay organized and easy to use.

Adding Bookmarks to Your Browser

Every internet browser—such as Safari, Chrome, or Firefox—has a simple way to save bookmarks. When you visit a website you like, you can save it by clicking a star icon or a menu option called “Bookmark” or “Add to Favorites.” This saves the address in your browser so you can find it later.

On an iPhone or iPad, for example, you use Safari and tap the “Share” icon (a square with an arrow pointing up). Then, scroll to find “Add to Home Screen” or “Add Bookmark.” This adds an icon on your home screen or inside your Safari bookmarks, making it very easy to get to that site with just one tap.

On Android phones using Chrome, you tap the three dots in the corner, select “Add to Home Screen,” and then confirm by tapping “Add.” This places a shortcut on your phone’s home screen that opens the website directly.

On a computer, you can bookmark by clicking the star symbol near the address bar or by opening the bookmarks menu and selecting “Add Bookmark.” This saves the page inside your browser’s bookmarks list for quick access.

Keeping Bookmarks Organized

As you add more bookmarks, they can start to pile up and get messy. Imagine a desk covered in papers — if everything is scattered, it’s hard to find what you need. The same goes for bookmarks. To keep your bookmarks easy to use, it’s helpful to organize them neatly.

One good way to organize bookmarks is by creating folders. Folders work like labeled drawers or folders in a file cabinet. You can put bookmarks into groups like “News,” “Health,” “Recipes,” or “Family.” That way, when you open your bookmarks, you can quickly find the folder and then the exact site you want.

Most browsers let you create new folders easily. For example, in Chrome on a computer, you open the Bookmark Manager, click the menu (three dots), and select “Add new folder.” You then name the folder and drag your bookmarks into it. On smartphones, you can also edit bookmarks and move them into folders.

Another tip is to use short names or nicknames for your bookmarks. Instead of long website titles, use simple names you’ll remember, like “Weather” or “Daily News.” This makes your bookmarks list cleaner and easier to scan quickly.

Using Favicons to Recognize Bookmarks

Favicons are tiny icons that websites use. For example, Google has a colorful "G," Facebook has a blue “f,” and Twitter shows a little blue bird. These icons appear next to the website’s name in your bookmarks and help you spot your favorite sites faster, just like how logos work on products in a store.

You can even remove the text next to bookmarks if you recognize the favicon easily. This frees up space, especially on the bookmarks bar (the row of bookmarks often found below the address bar), and makes it less crowded. Just be sure you are familiar enough with your site’s icons before you remove the text.

Managing and Editing Bookmarks

Over time, some bookmarks may become outdated, or you might not need them anymore. It is a good idea to review your bookmarks regularly to delete those you no longer use. This keeps your list tidy and easier to navigate.

To edit or delete bookmarks, open your bookmarks menu, choose the bookmark you want to change, and select "Edit" to rename it or "Delete" to remove it. On mobile devices, you usually need to tap “Edit” in the bookmarks or favorites section, then select the bookmarks you want to change.

Keeping bookmarks updated helps you avoid confusion and ensures that all your shortcuts lead to working websites.

Backing Up Your Bookmarks

Backing up means making a copy of your bookmarks so you don’t lose them if something happens to your device. For example, if your computer crashes or your phone is lost, backed-up bookmarks can be restored easily.

Many browsers allow you to export bookmarks as a file that you can save on another device or in cloud storage (online storage space). For instance, in Chrome on a computer, you open the Bookmark Manager, click the menu, and select “Export bookmarks.” This saves your bookmarks as a file that you can import back later if needed.

Backing up is especially important if you have many bookmarks or if you use them for work or important tasks. It’s a good habit to back up bookmarks every few months to protect your organized collection.

Adding Website Shortcuts to Your Home Screen

Besides saving bookmarks inside your browser, you can also add favorite website shortcuts directly to your device’s home screen. This works like having an app icon for your favorite website. When you tap it, the website opens instantly in your browser without needing to open the browser first.

On iPhones and iPads using Safari, you open the website, tap the “Share” icon, then select “Add to Home Screen.” You can change the name of the shortcut if you want, then tap “Add.” The shortcut appears as an app on your home screen.

On Android devices using Chrome, go to the website, tap the three dots in the upper right corner, select “Add to Home Screen,” and then tap “Add.” You might see a popup asking to confirm adding the icon. Once done, the shortcut will be on your home screen.

This is a quick way to get to your favorite sites without opening a browser first or searching through bookmarks.

Tips for Making Bookmarking Work Best for You

• Be selective: Only bookmark websites you visit regularly or want to remember. Too many bookmarks can be overwhelming.

• Use folders: Organize bookmarks into helpful groups to find them faster.

• Give bookmarks clear names: Use short, meaningful names or nicknames you easily recognize.

• Check bookmarks regularly: Remove ones you no longer need or that don’t work anymore.

• Back up your bookmarks: Save a copy so you don’t lose your collection if your device has problems.

• Try shortcuts on your home screen: For sites you use very often, add a shortcut icon on your phone or tablet home screen.

By following these tips, bookmarking can become a useful tool that helps you enjoy the internet more easily and safely. It saves time, reduces frustration, and makes your favorite websites just a tap or click away.

Recognizing Reliable Information Sources

When you use the internet to find information, especially about important topics like health or mental well-being, it can be hard to know what to trust. The internet is full of lots of information, but not all of it is true or helpful. Some websites may have outdated facts, wrong advice, or even try to sell you products that don’t work. That’s why it is very important to learn how to recognize reliable information sources. Reliable sources are ones you can trust to give you accurate, clear, and useful information.

Think of it like this: when you want to bake a cake, you would trust a recipe from a well-known cookbook or a professional baker rather than a random note found on the street. In the same way, reliable websites and sources are like trusted cookbooks for information. They have experts who check their facts carefully before sharing them with you.

Let’s explore some easy ways to tell if the information you find online is trustworthy and how to spot websites that give good, clear, and safe information.

Who Wrote the Information?

One of the first things you should check is who wrote the information. Reliable websites usually show the names and qualifications of the people who write or review their content. These authors often have experience or education in the topic they are talking about, such as doctors, nurses, or health experts.

For example, if you find an article about managing diabetes, it’s best if it is written or reviewed by a doctor or a certified health professional. Sometimes, websites include short biographies at the bottom of the articles to tell you about the writer’s background. This helps you know that the information is not just someone's opinion but comes from someone who knows what they are talking about.

If you can't find any author information, or if the article was written by someone without clear expertise, be cautious. This does not always mean the information is wrong, but it is a sign to look more carefully at other signs of reliability.

How Recent Is the Information?

Another important step is to check when the information was written or last updated. Health and technology information changes quickly. What was true five years ago might not be true today.

Reliable websites often put dates at the top or bottom of their pages to show when the content was created or last reviewed. For example, a page with health advice last updated in 2025 is better than one from 2010 because it is more likely to have current information.

Imagine if you were reading a weather report from last week versus one from today—it’s the same idea. Up-to-date information is more useful and safer to use, especially for health topics.

Is the Website Trying to Sell You Something?

Some websites that offer health or mental health information might also be trying to sell you a product, like a special pill, supplement, or device. While not all product websites give bad information, it’s important to be careful because their main goal is often to make money.

Ask yourself questions like:

• Is the article mainly talking about a product or service?
• Does it promise quick fixes or “miracle cures”?
• Are there lots of ads popping up or urging you to buy something?

If the answer is yes, be skeptical. Reliable information usually focuses on facts and helpful advice, not sales pitches. If you’re interested in a new health product, always talk to your doctor or pharmacist before trying it.

Who Hosts the Website?

Look at the website address or where the information is found. Reliable sources often come from well-known organizations, government health agencies, or respected medical centers. These sites usually have addresses that end with “.gov” (government), “.edu” (educational institutions), or sometimes “.org” (nonprofit organizations).

Websites from hospitals, universities, or official health groups are usually more trustworthy because they have strict rules about sharing accurate information. For example, the websites of national health institutes or large hospitals have teams of experts who check the content before sharing it.

Be careful with websites that end with “.com” because this means they are commercial sites, and they might not always provide reliable information. Some “.com” sites are good, but many are trying to sell something or might share opinions instead of facts. Always double-check the information you find on these sites with trusted sources.

Does the Information Sound Too Good to Be True?

When you read something on the internet that makes big promises like “this one trick will cure all your health problems” or “reverse aging overnight,” it’s a big warning sign. Reliable information rarely makes such extreme claims.

Health and medical issues are often complicated, and there are no easy or instant cures. If a website promises something that sounds too good to be true, it probably is.

Instead, good information will explain things clearly, mention any risks or limitations, and often suggest you talk to your doctor. It will also point to scientific studies or reliable research to back up its claims.

Look for References and Sources in the Information

Good information usually tells you where it comes from. This means it will have links, footnotes, or lists of books, articles, or studies that support what it says. This is like when you write a school report and include a list of books or websites you used.

If an article has references, it shows the authors did their homework and didn’t just write opinions. You can even check some of the references yourself to see if they come from trusted places.

If you don’t see any references or sources, the information might not be as reliable. Trusted websites often have a clear “About Us” page where they explain how they gather and check their information.

Privacy and Security of the Website

When using health or personal information sites, it’s important to know how your personal details will be used. Reliable sites will have a clear privacy policy that explains if they collect your information and how they keep it safe.

Before sharing any personal information, like your name, email, or health details, make sure the website explains how it protects your privacy. If you don’t see a privacy policy or if the site asks for too much information without good reason, it’s safer not to share.

Ask a Trusted Person or Professional

If you are not sure about the information you found online, it’s always a good idea to talk with someone you trust. This could be a family member, a friend who knows about computers, or a health professional like your doctor or pharmacist.

They can help you decide if the information makes sense or if it might be wrong or misleading. Sometimes, asking questions and getting advice can save you from making mistakes based on bad information.

Why Older Adults Should Take Extra Care

Research shows that many older adults are using the internet more often to find health information. This is great because it means you can learn more and take control of your health. But it also means you have to be careful because some information online can be confusing or wrong.

Older adults may face extra challenges like not being very comfortable with technology or having trouble spotting fake information. This is why following the tips above is very important. Also, remember that it’s okay to ask for help from family, friends, or community programs that teach how to use the internet safely.

Some trusted organizations provide lists of good websites, and your doctor might have recommendations too. Using these trustworthy sources can help you find accurate and helpful information without getting overwhelmed or misled.

Summary of Key Questions to Ask Yourself When Checking Information

• Who wrote this? Are they an expert?
• When was this written or updated?
• Is the website trying to sell something?
• Does it promise something that sounds too good to be true?
• Does the site provide sources or references for the information?
• Is the website from a trusted organization (like government or hospitals)?
• Does the site explain how your personal information is protected?
• Have I asked a professional or trusted person if this information is good?

Being careful and asking these questions can help you use the internet safely and find information that really helps you stay healthy and informed.

Understanding Internet Terminology

When you start using the internet, you will often hear many new words and phrases. These words might seem confusing at first, but they are important to help you understand how the internet works and how to use it safely. This section will explain some of the most common internet terms in simple ways, so you can feel more comfortable and confident online.

The internet is like a huge neighborhood with many houses, streets, and parks. Each part has a name, and knowing these names helps you find what you want and stay safe while exploring.

Basic Terms About How the Internet Works

Internet Service Provider (ISP): Think of this as your internet helper. Your ISP is a company that connects your home to the internet, so your computer, smartphone, or tablet can go online. Examples are AT&T, Verizon, or Xfinity. Without an ISP, you cannot connect to the internet.

Wi-Fi: This is like an invisible internet messenger that brings the internet to your devices without using cables. When you use Wi-Fi, you can sit anywhere in your house and still connect to the internet. Wi-Fi works through a special box called a router, which sends the signal around your home.

Broadband: This is a fast internet connection that allows you to do many things online, like watching videos or sending emails without waiting a long time. Broadband is the most common internet connection for homes today because it is quick and reliable.

Words About Websites and Browsing

Website: A website is like a digital store or library on the internet. It is a collection of many pages that share information, pictures, videos, or services. For example, a news website shows the latest news, and a shopping website lets you buy things.

Webpage: This is a single page on a website. If you think of a website as a book, then a webpage is like one page in that book. You can visit different webpages by clicking links.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator): This is the address of a website or webpage, similar to a house address in the real world. You type the URL in the address bar at the top of your browser to go straight to that site, like typing "www.example.com". Every website has its own URL, so the internet knows where to take you.

Browser: A browser is the program or app you use to visit websites. It is like a car that takes you around the internet. Popular browsers include Google Chrome, Safari, and Mozilla Firefox. When you open a browser, you can type in a website address or use a search engine to find information.

Finding Information Online

Search Engine: When you want to find something on the internet but don’t know the website, you use a search engine. It is like a helpful librarian who finds the information you ask for. You type in keywords or questions, and the search engine shows a list of websites that might have the answers. Google and Bing are popular search engines.

Search Query: This is the word or phrase you type into the search engine to look for information. For example, if you want to learn about gardening, you might type “how to grow tomatoes.” The search engine uses this query to find the best pages for you.

Connecting and Communicating

Email: Email is like sending a letter, but it happens instantly through the internet. You can write messages, send pictures or documents, and receive replies. An email address looks like [email protected]. Using email helps you stay in touch with family, friends, and even businesses.

Log In: To use many internet services, like email or social media, you need to log in. This means you enter your username (often your email) and a secret password. Logging in helps keep your information private so only you can access your accounts.

Password: A password is a secret word or phrase that protects your online accounts. It should be hard for others to guess but easy for you to remember. Strong passwords use a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols.

Understanding Security and Privacy

Malware: This is a word for harmful software that can damage your computer or steal your personal information. Malware can come from suspicious websites, emails, or downloads. To stay safe, avoid clicking on unknown links or attachments.

Antivirus Software: Think of this as a digital guard for your device. Antivirus software helps protect your computer or phone from malware by finding and removing threats. There are free antivirus programs you can install to keep your device safe.

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): This is an extra layer of security when logging in to your accounts. Instead of just a password, MFA might ask you to enter a code sent to your phone. This makes it harder for someone else to access your account, even if they know your password.

Sharing and Storing Information

Cloud Storage: This is like having a safe online filing cabinet where you can keep your photos, documents, and videos. Instead of storing files on your computer or phone, cloud storage saves them on the internet. Services like Google Photos or iCloud make it easy to access your files from any device.

Upload: Uploading means sending files from your device to the internet. For example, when you share a photo on Facebook, you upload that photo from your computer or phone to the website.

Download: Downloading is the opposite of uploading. It means saving files or programs from the internet to your device. For instance, when you save a picture from a website or install an app, you download it.

How Devices Connect

Bluetooth: Bluetooth is a way for devices to talk to each other without using wires. For example, you can connect your phone to wireless headphones or a speaker using Bluetooth. It’s useful for sharing files or listening to music without cables.

IP Address: Every device connected to the internet has a special number called an IP address. It’s like a phone number or mailing address for your device. This address helps devices find each other and send information back and forth.

Video Calls and Online Meetings

Video Calling: Video calls let you see and talk to someone using your computer, tablet, or phone. Apps like Zoom or Skype make video calls easy. This is a wonderful way to stay close with family and friends, especially if they live far away.

Webcam: A webcam is a camera built into your device or connected separately. It shows your video during a video call so others can see you.

Extra Terms That Help You Navigate

Link or Hyperlink: A link is a clickable word or picture that takes you to another webpage or website. Think of links as bridges or doors that connect one place on the internet to another.

Homepage: The homepage is the main page of a website. It’s like the front door of a house. When you first visit a website, the homepage usually welcomes you and shows important information or menus to explore further.

Cookies: Cookies are small files that websites save on your device when you visit them. They help remember your preferences, like your login or language settings, so you don’t have to type them again the next time. Cookies can also track your browsing habits, so it’s good to clear them sometimes for privacy.

Making Sense of Mobile Internet

Mobile Data (3G/4G/5G): When you are not connected to Wi-Fi, your phone uses mobile data to get online. This uses signals from cell towers. The numbers 3G, 4G, and 5G show the speed of the connection, with 5G being the fastest. Mobile data is useful when you are outside or traveling.

App (Application): An app is a small program you install on your phone or tablet to do specific things, such as checking the weather, reading the news, or video calling. Apps are like tools that make your device more useful.

Why Knowing these Terms Matters

Learning these key internet terms helps you feel more confident when using your devices. It makes it easier to understand instructions, ask for help, and protect yourself online. When you know what these words mean, you can explore the internet safely and enjoy all the benefits it offers, like staying connected with family, learning new things, and having fun.

Avoiding Online Scams and Misinformation

The internet is a great place to learn new things, keep in touch with friends, and find helpful services. But it can also be a place where some people try to trick others to take their money or personal information. This is called online scams. Besides scams, there is also misinformation, which means false or misleading information that can cause confusion or harm. For seniors, it’s very important to know how to spot scams and misinformation to stay safe online. Let’s look closely at how to do that.

How Scammers Trick People Online

Scammers are criminals who try to get money or personal details from people by pretending to be someone they are not. They use tricks that can seem very real. For example, they might call or send messages pretending to be a family member, a bank, or a government agency. They play on emotions like fear, love, or kindness to get what they want.

One common trick is called the “grandparent scam.” A scammer calls pretending to be a grandchild or other relative in trouble and asks for money quickly. Because it sounds urgent, many people send money without checking first.

Another popular scam is the “tech support scam.” Scammers pretend to be computer experts and say your device has a virus or problem. They ask to log into your computer to fix it but actually steal your information or ask for payment for fake repairs.

Some scammers also create fake online dating profiles to gain trust and ask for money. This is called a “romance scam” and can last a long time, costing victims a lot of money.

How to Recognize and Avoid Scams

To protect yourself from scammers, you need to be careful and know what signs to look for. Here are some important tips:

• Don’t rush: Scammers often pressure you to act fast. Always take your time to think and verify before giving money or personal details.
• Check who is contacting you: If someone calls or messages asking for money or information, stop and think. Ask yourself if this person really is who they say they are.
• Ask for help: Talk to a family member or trusted friend about the message or call you received. Sometimes, just sharing the information can help you see if it’s a scam.
• Don’t give out personal details: Never share your Social Security number, bank account numbers, or passwords over the phone or email unless you are sure of the person’s identity.
• Use strong passwords: Protect your online accounts with passwords that are hard to guess. Avoid sharing your passwords with others.
• Ignore suspicious links and attachments: Don’t click on links or open attachments in emails or texts from people you don’t know or trust. These could install harmful software on your device.

Using Technology to Help Stay Safe

There are helpful tools that can protect you from scams and misinformation when you use the internet:

• Antivirus software: This software scans your computer for viruses or other harmful programs. It can also warn you if a website or email looks unsafe.
• Spam filters: These help block unwanted and suspicious emails or messages before you even see them.
• Robocall blockers: These tools can stop many scam phone calls before you answer the phone.
• Security alerts: Some phones and apps show alerts if a message or call might be a scam. Pay attention to these alerts and report suspicious activity.

It’s a good idea to ask a trusted family member or friend to help set up these protections on your devices.

Understanding and Spotting Misinformation

Misinformation is false or misleading information that spreads online. It can be about news, health tips, or other important topics. For example, during a health crisis, false cures or wrong advice might circulate online, which can be dangerous.

Seniors are often targets for misinformation because they may trust information shared on social media or emails without checking if it’s true. That’s why learning to spot misinformation is very important.

Simple Ways to Spot Misinformation

Here are some easy steps to help you tell if what you read or hear online is real or fake:

• Check the source: Ask yourself where the information is coming from. Is it a well-known news website or an unknown site? Reliable websites usually have an “About Us” section explaining who runs them.
• Look for other reports: See if other trusted news sources are reporting the same information. If only one site says something surprising or strange, it might be false.
• Read beyond the headline: Sometimes headlines are written to grab attention but don’t give the full story. Read the whole article carefully.
• Watch out for emotional language: Misinformation often uses strong words to make you angry, scared, or excited. Be cautious if a message tries to make you feel very emotional quickly.
• Ask questions: Think about whether the information makes sense. If it sounds too good to be true or very shocking, it might be wrong.
• Use fact-checking websites: Some websites check news stories and claims to see if they are true or false. These can be very helpful tools.

How to Respond if You Think You've Found a Scam or Misinformation

If you believe you have received a scam message or found false information online, here’s what you can do:

• Don’t respond: If it’s a scam, replying might make things worse. Scammers can use your response to target you more.
• Tell someone you trust: Share the information with a family member, friend, or caregiver. They can help you decide what to do next.
• Report it: Many organizations and websites let you report scams or false information. Reporting helps stop scams and protects others.
• Delete suspicious messages: Remove emails, texts, or social media posts that seem fake or dangerous to avoid accidentally clicking on bad links later.

Building Trust and Staying Connected

One of the best ways to stay safe from scams and misinformation is to keep open communication with people you trust. Talk regularly with family or friends about what you see online. If something looks strange or confusing, don’t be afraid to ask for help. Sometimes, just sharing a suspicious message can help catch a scam before it causes harm.

Also, joining local senior centers or online groups that offer classes on scam prevention and internet safety can be very helpful. These groups often provide up-to-date information and tips to keep you safe.

Remember: Your Safety Online Is Important

Online scams and misinformation can be tricky, but with careful habits and the right help, you can protect yourself. Take your time to check things, use technology tools, ask for help, and report problems. Being cautious and informed makes your internet experience safer and more enjoyable.

How Clearing Browsing History and Cookies Protects Your Privacy and Device

When you use the internet, your web browser keeps a record of many things to make your browsing faster and easier. But over time, this information can build up and might cause some problems. Two important parts of this stored information are your browsing history and cookies. Understanding what they are and why clearing them is important can help you keep your device running smoothly and protect your privacy.

What is Browsing History?

Browsing history is like a diary that your web browser keeps. It lists all the websites you have visited and sometimes even the pages inside those sites. This history helps you quickly return to websites you visited before. For example, if you look up a recipe online, your history remembers that site so you can find it easily next time without typing the whole address again.

However, this history can be seen by anyone who uses your device, especially if you share it with family or friends. It might also be accessible to people who can check your device without your permission, like hackers or someone using a public or shared computer. So, clearing your browsing history regularly helps keep your internet activity private.

What are Cookies?

Cookies are small information files that websites store on your device when you visit them. Think of cookies like little notes that websites leave on your computer to remember you. These notes help websites do things like keep you logged in, remember your preferences, or show you ads you might like.

For example, if you shop online and add items to your cart, cookies help the website remember what's inside your cart, so you don't lose your selections when you look around different pages. Cookies also make websites faster and more personalized for you.

But not all cookies are helpful. Some cookies track your online activities to create a profile of your habits and interests. Advertisers use these cookies to show you ads based on your browsing. While this can be convenient, it may feel like your privacy is being invaded. Also, if cookies pile up too much, they can slow down your device.

Reasons to Clear Your Browsing History and Cookies

Clearing your browsing history and cookies is like tidying up your room. When you clean up regularly, everything works better and you feel more comfortable. Here are some important reasons why you should clear these data sometimes:

• Protect Your Privacy: Clearing your browsing history and cookies stops others from seeing the websites you’ve visited or what you’ve done online. This is especially important if you use public computers or share your device with others.
• Speed Up Your Device: Over time, cookies and browsing data can build up and take up space on your device. This can slow down how fast your browser works. Clearing this data helps your browser work faster and smoother.
• Fix Website Problems: Sometimes websites don’t load correctly or show old information. This happens because your browser uses stored files (cache and cookies) that may be outdated. Clearing cookies and history forces your browser to get fresh information from websites.
• Enhance Security: Cookies sometimes store information like your login details or permissions you’ve given websites to use your location or send notifications. If hackers get access to these cookies, they might use them to steal your information. Clearing cookies reduces this risk.
• Free Up Storage Space: Cookies and cached files take up space on your device’s memory. Clearing them frees up storage, which is helpful if your device is running low on space.

What Happens When You Clear Browsing History and Cookies?

When you clear your browsing history, your browser deletes the list of websites you have visited. This means you won’t be able to quickly find those pages in your history list anymore. It’s like erasing your diary entries.

When you clear cookies, you remove those little notes websites left on your device. After this, websites might forget your preferences, and you may have to log in again to your favorite sites because the saved login information is deleted. For example, if you visit an online store, it won’t remember your cart items until you add them again.

Clearing both your history and cookies gives you a fresh start. Your browser will behave like it did when you first started using it. It will take a little longer to load websites at first because it must download all the information again, but this process helps clear out old or faulty data.

How to Clear Browsing Data on Different Devices

Clearing your browsing history and cookies is easy once you know where to look. Different browsers and devices have slightly different steps, but the overall process is similar. Below are examples to help you understand how it works on common devices.

On a Computer (Google Chrome or Firefox)

1. Open your browser.

2. Look for the menu icon (usually three dots or lines) at the top-right corner.

3. Click on “Settings” or “Options.”

4. Find the section called “Privacy and Security.”

5. Click on “Clear browsing data” or “Clear history.”

6. Choose what you want to delete. Usually, you can select “Browsing history” and “Cookies.” You can also pick how far back you want to clear (like the last hour, day, or all time).

7. Confirm by clicking “Clear Data” or “Delete.”

On an iPhone (Safari Browser)

1. Open the Settings app on your iPhone.

2. Scroll down and tap on Safari.

3. Tap on Clear History and Website Data.

4. Confirm the action by tapping Clear History and Data.

This will delete your browsing history, cookies, and other website data from Safari.

Alternatively, if you want to keep your history but just clear cookies:

1. Go to Settings > Safari > Advanced > Website Data.

2. Tap Remove All Website Data to delete cookies and cached files.

On an Android Phone (Chrome Browser)

1. Open the Chrome app.

2. Tap the three dots at the top-right corner to open the menu.

3. Tap Settings, then Privacy and Security.

4. Tap Clear browsing data.

5. Choose the types of data to clear (history, cookies, cached files).

6. Select the time range (like last hour, last 7 days, or all time).

7. Tap Clear Data.

Tips for Managing Your Browsing Data

• Clear Regularly: If you use your device a lot or share it with others, clearing your browsing data every week or two helps keep your information private and your device running smoothly.
• Use Private Browsing: Many browsers offer a “private” or “incognito” mode that doesn’t save your history or cookies. This is useful if you want to visit sites without leaving a record.
• Think Before You Clear: Remember that clearing cookies may log you out of websites, so be prepared to enter your passwords again.
• Be Careful on Public Computers: Always clear your browsing data after using a public or shared computer to protect your information.
• Manage Cookies by Website: Some browsers let you delete cookies for specific websites instead of clearing them all. This helps keep useful cookies while removing unwanted ones.

Understanding What Cookies and Cache Do for You

Cookies and cache both help make your browsing faster and easier, but they work in different ways:

• Cookies remember your preferences, login details, and other personalized settings for websites. They help websites recognize you when you return.
• Cache stores parts of websites like pictures and videos on your device. This means the next time you visit, these parts load faster because your device doesn’t have to download them again.

While these features improve your experience, too many cookies or cached files can cause problems like slow loading or outdated pages. Clearing them regularly refreshes your browser and helps fix these issues.

How Clearing Browsing Data Fits Into Staying Safe Online

When you clear your browsing history and cookies, you take an important step to protect your privacy and security. This is especially true for seniors, who may want to keep their online activities private from others in their household or prevent identity theft.

Also, cleaning out cookies stops websites from tracking you too much across the internet, which helps prevent unwanted ads and protects your personal information from being collected without your knowledge.

By making it a regular habit to clear your browsing data, you help keep your device fast, your personal information safe, and your internet experience more private and enjoyable.

Practicing Careful Website Exploration

When you use the internet to visit websites, it’s important to be careful about where you go and what you do while you are there. Not all websites are safe, and some can cause problems like stealing your personal information or putting harmful software on your device. Think of the internet like a big city: some parts are safe to visit, while others might have tricky or dangerous spots. Knowing how to explore safely helps keep your information private and your devices working well.

One way to be safe is to watch where you click. Sometimes, websites have buttons or links that look interesting but can actually be traps. These might take you to bad websites or start downloading harmful files without you knowing. Always pause and think before clicking on any link, button, or pop-up that you didn’t expect. If something looks strange, it probably is. Just like you wouldn’t talk to strangers on the street, don’t click on links from people or places you don’t know online.

Also, be careful with pop-ups, which are small windows that suddenly appear on your screen. Some pop-ups are harmless, like asking if you want to subscribe to a newsletter, but others might try to trick you into giving personal information or downloading harmful software. Many web browsers have settings that block pop-ups, so make sure yours is set up to do that. If a pop-up asks you to provide information or download something, close it instead of clicking any buttons within it.

Checking Website Safety Before You Trust It

Before you enter personal information or download anything from a website, it’s smart to check if the website is safe. One easy way to check is by looking at the website’s address, which is usually shown at the top of your browser in the address bar.

A safe website often starts with “https://” instead of just “http://”. The extra “s” means the site uses special technology to protect the information you send to it, like passwords or credit card numbers. You might also see a little padlock icon next to the website address. This padlock means the connection is secure. If you don’t see “https” or the padlock, be cautious about sharing any personal details on that site.

Another way to check if a website is trustworthy is by looking at its design and content. Professional and reliable websites usually have clear information about who they are, how to contact them, and details about their services. If you see lots of spelling mistakes, strange pictures, or confusing information, it can be a sign that the website isn’t safe or doesn’t care about accuracy. Always trust your instincts: if something feels off, it’s best to leave that website.

Protecting Your Personal Information While Browsing

When you are online, personal information is valuable. This includes your name, address, phone number, passwords, and financial details. Cybercriminals want this information because they can use it to steal money or pretend to be you. To protect yourself, only share personal information on websites that you trust and that use strong security, like the “https” sites mentioned before.

Be cautious about filling out online forms or surveys asking for personal data. Sometimes these forms are fake and designed to steal your information. If you want to give information to a company or organization, try to contact them directly through a phone number or official email you know is real, rather than clicking links in emails or pop-ups.

Using strong passwords for websites you log into is also important. A good password is like a strong lock on your front door. It should be hard to guess and different for each website. If you use the same password everywhere, someone who gets one can get into many of your accounts. Consider writing down your passwords in a safe place or using a password manager, a special tool that keeps track of your passwords securely.

Using Private Browsing and Clearing Your Tracks

Sometimes, you may want to keep your browsing activities private. For example, if you are shopping for a surprise gift, you might not want others who use your device to see what you looked at. Most web browsers offer a private or “incognito” mode. When you use this mode, your browser doesn’t save your history, cookies, or searches after you close the window. This helps keep your browsing private on shared devices.

Cookies are small files that websites store on your device to remember your preferences or login information. While cookies can be helpful, they can also track your browsing habits across multiple sites, which some people might not want. You can manage and clear cookies in your browser settings to control what information is saved. Regularly clearing cookies and your browsing history helps reduce tracking and keeps your device running smoothly.

Being Careful When Using Public Wi-Fi Networks

Public Wi-Fi networks, like those in coffee shops, libraries, or malls, let you connect to the internet without using your data plan. However, these networks are often less secure than your home Wi-Fi. Because many people share the same network, hackers can sometimes see what you’re doing online or try to steal your information.

To stay safe on public Wi-Fi, avoid visiting websites where you need to enter passwords or financial details. If you must use such sites, try to use a Virtual Private Network (VPN). A VPN creates a secure “tunnel” for your internet connection, which hides your information from others on the same network.

Also, make sure your device’s firewall and antivirus software are turned on and up-to-date before connecting to public Wi-Fi. These programs help block threats and keep your device safe from viruses and hackers.

Managing Downloads and Plugins Carefully

Downloading files or apps from the internet can be useful, but it also comes with risks. Some downloads may carry viruses or malware, which can harm your device or steal information. To protect yourself, only download files or apps from websites or stores you trust.

Before downloading, check if the website is secure, and read any reviews or descriptions carefully. Avoid downloading anything that pops up unexpectedly or comes from emails or messages you didn’t ask for. These can be scams or harmful software.

Plugins or extensions are small programs that add extra features to your web browser. While some can be helpful, others might be unsafe or slow down your device. Only install plugins from official sources, and regularly review and remove those you no longer need.

Setting Up Your Browser to Help You Stay Safe

Modern web browsers have settings that help protect you while you surf the internet. For example, many browsers can warn you if you try to visit a site known to be dangerous. You can also set your browser to block pop-ups and to ask before saving passwords, so you don’t accidentally save them on shared devices.

Take some time to explore your browser’s privacy and security settings. You can usually find these in the menu under “Settings” or “Preferences.” Turning on features like “Do Not Track” can reduce the amount of data websites collect about you. Remember to update your browser frequently because updates often fix security problems and help your browser run better.

Recognizing Safe and Unsafe Email Links While Browsing

Sometimes, emails or messages will have links that ask you to visit websites. Not all of these links are safe. Some might look like they come from a bank or a company you know but are actually made by scammers trying to steal your information.

Before clicking a link in an email, hover your mouse over it without clicking to see the real web address. If the address looks strange or does not match the company’s real website, do not click it. If you need to visit the company’s site, type the website address directly into your browser instead of using the email link.

Be especially careful with messages that create a sense of urgency, like “Your account will close in 24 hours!” or “You have won a prize!” These are common tricks scammers use to make you act without thinking. Always take your time and check carefully before clicking or giving any information.

Using Two-Step Verification for Added Security

Two-step verification, also called two-factor authentication, is an extra layer of security you can use for your online accounts. When you log in, besides entering your password, you’ll be asked to confirm your identity in another way, like entering a code sent to your phone. This makes it much harder for someone else to get into your accounts, even if they have your password.

Many websites and apps offer two-step verification as a free option. Setting this up is a smart way to protect your email, bank, and health accounts from hackers. If you’re unsure how to set it up, ask a trusted family member or friend to help you.

Staying Alert and Asking for Help When Browsing

Even with all these safety steps, the internet can sometimes be confusing or tricky. If something online doesn’t seem right, or if you receive messages asking for personal information, it’s okay to ask for help. Trusted family members, friends, or tech helpers can provide guidance and help you decide what to do.

Remember, it’s always better to be safe and check before sharing information or clicking. Taking your time and staying alert helps you enjoy the internet safely and confidently.

Empowering Your Digital Journey

As you continue to explore the internet, the skills and knowledge you’ve learned here will serve as a strong foundation for safe and confident browsing. Understanding how to navigate browsers and search engines helps you find what you need quickly, while bookmarking your favorite websites saves you time for what matters most. Recognizing reliable information and spotting scams protects you from false or harmful content, making your online visits safer and more enjoyable.

Your privacy is important, and managing your browsing history and cookies regularly will help keep your digital life secure. Practicing safe browsing habits, like avoiding suspicious links and using strong passwords, further guards your information from unwanted risks. These steps are part of a broader journey to using technology comfortably, enabling you to stay connected with loved ones, manage your health, and engage with the world around you from home.

Remember, the internet is a powerful tool designed to support your goals—whether that means staying in touch through video calls, shopping online for everyday needs, or learning new things at your own pace. With ongoing practice and a cautious approach, you can make the most of this technology, enhancing your independence, safety, and enjoyment as you connect with the digital world.